Acute Renal Failure is a condition in which the kidneys suddenly lose their ability to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood. This condition, also known as acute kidney injury (AKI), usually develops within a short period of time, such as a few hours or days. When the kidneys stop working properly, harmful toxins and extra fluids begin to build up in the body, which can affect many organs.

Common causes of acute renal failure include severe dehydration, infections, reduced blood flow to the kidneys, certain medications, and blockages in the urinary tract such as kidney stones. Symptoms may include decreased urine output, swelling in the legs or face, fatigue, nausea, and confusion.

Doctors diagnose this condition through blood and urine tests that check kidney function. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, restoring fluid balance, and supporting the kidneys to prevent further damage.